In many places where our readers and listeners live, the weather is getting hotter because of the changing seasons and weather-related events. This week on Everyday Grammar, we will discuss ways to talk about hot weather in English.
在我们的读者和听众居住的许多地方，由于季节变化和与天气相关的事件，天气变得越来越热。本周在日常语法中，我们将讨论如何用英语谈论炎热的天气。
Phrasal verbs
短语动词
One common way to talk about hot weather is with phrasal verbs. A phrasal verb is a group of words that acts as a verb and is made up of a verb and a preposition, an adverb, or both. Let us begin with an American pop song from 1979. In the song, Too Hot , the group Kool and the Gang sang about finding shelter in the shade :
谈论炎热天气的一种常见方式是使用短语动词。短语动词是一组充当动词的单词，由动词和介词、副词或两者组成。让我们从一首 1979 年的美国流行歌曲开始。在歌曲《Too Hot》中，Kool and the Gang 乐队唱到了在树荫下寻找庇护所的故事：
Oh, it's too hot (Too hot)
哦，太热了（太热了）
Too hot, lady (Too hot)
太热了，女士（太热了）
We gotta run for shelter
我们得跑去避难所
Gotta run for shade
得跑去找阴凉处
Note that the singer uses the expression “run for” before the words shelter and shade. The phrasal verb “run for” something means to work towards a goal. You may have heard of people who run for a public office. To “run for shade” is to move into an area where the direct light of the sun is blocked. Usually, it is cooler in the shade.
请注意，歌手在“庇护所”和“遮荫处”之前使用了“run for”表达方式。短语动词“run for”某事的意思是朝着某个目标努力。您可能听说过竞选公职的人。 “跑到阴凉处”是指跑到遮挡阳光直射的地方。通常，阴凉处比较凉爽。
Another phrasal verb we use is “heat up.” Like other phrasal verbs with the preposition “up,” it means there is an increase in something. Here, the increase is in the temperature. For example,
我们使用的另一个短语动词是“heat up”。与其他带有介词“up”的短语动词一样，它意味着某物有所增加。这里，增加的是温度。例如，
The day started cool in the morning but heated up in the afternoon.
这一天早上开始凉爽，但下午就开始炎热。
Collocations
搭配
Another way of speaking about hot weather involves collocations . A collocation is a particular combination of words that we hear at the same time. For example, one collocation is “ sweltering ” with “heat” or “summer.”
谈论炎热天气的另一种方式涉及搭配。搭配是我们同时听到的单词的特定组合。例如，一种搭配是“闷热”与“炎热”或“夏天”。
The southern half of Japan gets sweltering summers.
日本南半部夏季炎热。
We go to the pool to escape the sweltering heat.
我们去游泳池避暑。
A third way is to describe the weather with words we use for cooking. We are making a metaphor when we compare the effects of heat on us to cooking methods. To sear meat, for example, is to heat the surface quickly. We might say,
第三种方法是用我们做饭时使用的词语来描述天气。当我们将热量对我们的影响与烹饪方法进行比较时，我们是在做一个比喻。例如，烧肉就是快速加热表面。我们可能会说，
He never turns on the air conditioner, even in the searing heat of summer.
即使在炎热的夏天，他也不开空调。
To scorch is to slightly burn something. So, it is not surprising that we hear this word used in the summer:
烧焦是稍微燃烧某物。因此，我们在夏天听到这个词并不奇怪：
It’s a scorcher ! Let’s go to the beach.
这是一个灼人！我们去海滩吧。
Usually, we talk about roasting meat, or cooking it with dry heat. In that case roast is a transitive verb that needs an object. But when we use it to say how hot we feel, it is an intransitive verb that does not need an object. For example, you can simply say:
通常，我们谈论烤肉，或干热烹饪。在这种情况下，roast 是一个及物动词，需要一个宾语。但是当我们用它来表达我们感觉有多热时，它是一个不及物动词，不需要宾语。例如，您可以简单地说：
The same is true of the verb “boil.” Usually we boil foods, like eggs. But in hot weather, we might say:
动词“boil”也是如此。通常我们煮食物，比如鸡蛋。但在炎热的天气里，我们可能会说：
One last hot weather expression: “it’s so hot that…” A common statement with this is,
最后一个炎热的天气表达：“天气太热了……”对此的常见说法是，
It’s so hot that you can fry an egg on the sidewalk.
天热得可以在人行道上煎鸡蛋。
How do people talk about the heat where you live? Do you use phrasal verbs, collocations, or metaphors? How about intransitive verbs? Write to us at learningenglish@voanews.com and we will share your messages in another story.
人们如何谈论您居住的地方的炎热天气？你使用短语动词、搭配或隐喻吗？那么不及物动词呢？请写信给我们learningenglish@voanews.com，我们将在另一个故事中分享您的信息。