Hello! This week on Ask a Teacher , we answer a question from an English learner named Sidra.
你好！本周，在“请教老师”节目中，我们回答了一位名叫 Sidra 的英语学习者的问题。
Sidra asks:
西德拉问：
I want to know the difference between adverb[s] of frequency and degree and…between participle[s] and gerunds.
我想知道频率副词和程度副词之间的区别以及……分词和动名词之间的区别。
Thank you for writing, Sidra. First, let's answer your question about adverbs.
谢谢你的来信，西德拉。首先，我们来回答一下关于副词的问题。
Different adverbs show different kinds of information.
不同的副词显示不同类型的信息。
Adverbs of time tell us four things: when, how long, how often, and relationship in time.
时间副词告诉我们四件事：何时、多长时间、多久以及时间关系。
When something takes place. For example:
当某事发生时。例如：
I finished the project yesterday .
我昨天完成了这个项目。
How long something lasts, or duration.
某事持续多长时间或持续时间。
The class seemed to last forever .
这堂课似乎永远持续下去。
Frequency, or how often something happens.
频率，或者某件事发生的频率。
Sometimes I skip breakfast.
有时我不吃早餐。
And, the relationship of two things in time.
并且，两件事在时间上的关系。
He still has my laptop.
他还留着我的笔记本电脑。
Adverbs of degree answer the questions “How much/many?” or “To what extent ?” For example,
程度副词回答“多少/多少？”的问题。或“到什么程度？”例如，
She’s staying with us for a bit .
她要和我们住一段时间。
We’re fairly certain it’s a good idea.
我们相当确定这是个好主意。
Degree adverbs can also demonstrate intensity. Some show high intensity. These kinds of adverbs are known as amplifiers.
程度副词也可以表示强度。有些表现出高强度。这类副词被称为放大器。
The food was completely gone.
食物完全消失了。
Others show low intensity, called diminishers.
其他则表现出低强度，称为减弱器。
So, adverbs of frequency tell how often, and adverbs of degree tell how much or to what extent.
因此，频率副词表示频率，程度副词表示多少或程度。
Now for the second question – the difference between participles and gerunds.
现在第二个问题——分词和动名词之间的区别。
Participles and gerunds
分词和动名词
We know that verbs can end in –ing . Participles and gerunds are also words that end in –ing . Let’s look at the differences.
我们知道动词可以以 –ing 结尾。分词和动名词也是以 –ing 结尾的单词。让我们看看差异。
When a verb ends in –ing , it is the progressive or continuous aspect. That means the event is incomplete or temporary.
当动词以 –ing 结尾时，它是进行体或进行体。这意味着该事件是不完整的或暂时的。
We are listening to the podcast.
我们正在听播客。
She was studying at the library .
她正在图书馆学习。
Gerunds also have an –ing ending, but they do not act like verbs. A gerund is a noun. This means it can be the subject or object of a sentence. For example:
动名词也有 –ing 结尾，但它们的作用与动词不同。动名词是一个名词。这意味着它可以是句子的主语或宾语。例如：
Listening to music is my favorite hobby.
听音乐是我最喜欢的爱好。
She loves running .
她热爱跑步。
Participles have an –ing ending, too. They also do not act as verbs. A participle is an adjective. We usually use a participle when we are describing an experience that makes us feel certain emotions. For example:
分词也有 –ing 结尾。它们也不充当动词。分词是形容词。当我们描述让我们感受到某种情绪的经历时，我们通常会使用分词。例如：
Her answer was surprising .
她的回答令人惊讶。
In this sentence, the participle "surprising" describes how you feel about “her answer.”
在这句话中，分词“令人惊讶”描述了你对“她的回答”的感受。
Some other words that are often used as participles are amazing , boring , calming , exciting , and worrying .
其他一些经常用作分词的词有令人惊奇的、无聊的、平静的、令人兴奋的和令人担忧的。
Please let us know if this explanation has helped you, Sidra.
Sidra，请告诉我们这个解释是否对您有帮助。
Do you have a question about American English? Send us an email at learningenglish@voanews.com.
您对美式英语有疑问吗？请发送电子邮件至learningenglish@voanews.com。