Imagine that you want to talk about your family or your friends. Perhaps you want to describe your parents or classmates. What kinds of structures should you use?
想象一下您想谈论您的家人或朋友。也许你想描述你的父母或同学。您应该使用什么类型的结构？
In today’s report, we will explore a point of connection between grammar and relationships: possessive pronouns . You will learn the importance of these pronouns when talking about family, friends, and more.
在今天的报告中，我们将探讨语法和关系之间的一个联系点：所有格代词。在谈论家人、朋友等时，您将了解这些代词的重要性。
We divide pronouns into different groups: subject pronouns, object pronouns and possessive pronouns.
我们将代词分为不同的组：主语代词、宾语代词和所有格代词。
When we describe relationships, we often use possessive pronouns. Possessive pronouns take several forms and go by different names in English grammar books.
当我们描述关系时，我们经常使用所有格代词。所有格代词有多种形式，在英语语法书中有不同的名称。
You might see terms such as dependent possessive pronoun, possessive determiner or possessive adjective.*
您可能会看到从属所有格代词、所有格限定词或所有格形容词等术语。*
The terms suggest the same basic idea. They act like determiners, appear before nouns and suggest relationships or belonging.
这些术语暗示了相同的基本思想。它们的作用类似于限定词，出现在名词之前并暗示关系或归属。
Possessive pronouns take different forms depending on if they are used in the first, second, or third person.
所有格代词根据是否用于第一人称、第二人称或第三人称而采用不同的形式。
In the first person we have the singular form “my” and the plural form “our.”
在第一人称中，我们有单数形式“我的”和复数形式“我们的”。
So, a boy describing his father might say:
因此，一个男孩描述他的父亲可能会说：
My father is very kind.
我的父亲非常善良。
Or a person speaking on behalf of a family might say:
或者代表家庭发言的人可能会说：
Our father is very kind.
我们的父亲非常仁慈。
In the second person, someone describing another person’s mother might say:
用第二人称描述另一个人的母亲时，某人可能会说：
Your mother is very kind.
你妈妈很善良。
In the third person, we have singular forms: “his” and “her,” as in:
在第三人称中，我们有单数形式：“他的”和“她的”，如：
His mother is very kind.
他的母亲非常善良。
Her mother is very kind.
她的母亲非常善良。
We also have the plural form “their,” as in:
我们也有复数形式“他们的”，如：
Their mother is very kind.
他们的母亲非常善良。
We can put possessive pronouns with the nouns that are important for describing relationships - friend, brother, sister, cousin, boss and so on.
我们可以将所有格代词与对描述关系很重要的名词放在一起——朋友、兄弟、姐妹、表兄弟、老板等等。
So, you could say “My friend...,” “your cousin...,” “our boss...” and so on.
所以，你可以说“我的朋友......”，“你的表弟......”，“我们的老板......”等等。
There are other kinds of pronouns that show possession and do not appear before nouns, but we will have to leave those for another program.
还有其他类型的代词显示所有权并且不会出现在名词之前，但我们必须将它们留给另一个程序。
Let’s take some time to work with these ideas. Use the first person singular along with the following terms to make a complete sentence.
让我们花一些时间来研究这些想法。使用第一人称单数和以下术语组成一个完整的句子。
...brother is older than me
……哥哥比我大
Pause the audio while considering your answer.
暂停音频，同时考虑您的答案。
Here is one possible answer:
这是一个可能的答案：
My brother is older than me.
我哥哥比我大。
Now use the third person singular to describe a friend.
现在用第三人称单数来形容朋友。
...friend is very funny
……朋友很有趣
Pause the audio while considering your answer.
暂停音频，同时考虑您的答案。
Here are two possible answers:
这里有两个可能的答案：
Her friend is very funny.
她的朋友很有趣。
His friend is very funny.
他的朋友很有趣。
Now use the second person singular to describe a boss.
现在用第二人称单数来形容老板。
…. boss is friendly.
……老板很友善。
Pause the audio while considering your answer.
暂停音频，同时考虑您的答案。
Here is one possible answer:
这是一个可能的答案：
Your boss is friendly.
你的老板很友善。
Closing thoughts
结束语
It takes time getting used to first, second, and third person pronouns. But when you develop a strong sense of how to use them, you will find it very easy to describe all kinds of relationships. Unlike some vocabulary words and verb forms, possessive pronouns appear all the time in everyday speaking and in writing. I’m John Russell.
习惯第一、第二和第三人称代词需要时间。但是当你对如何使用它们产生强烈的感觉时，你会发现描述各种关系非常容易。与某些词汇和动词形式不同，所有格代词在日常口语和写作中始终出现。我是约翰·拉塞尔。
*The term possessive adjective is slightly misleading because possessive pronouns (my, his, their, etc.) function as determiners. They are function words, not content words.
*形容词所有格一词稍有误导性，因为所有格代词（我的、他的、他们的等）起着限定词的作用。它们是虚词，而不是实词。