August skies bring the lovely Summer Triangle asterism into prime position after nightfall for observers in the Northern Hemisphere. Its position high in the sky may make it difficult for some to observe its member stars comfortably, since looking straight up while standing can be hard on one’s neck! While that isn’t much of a problem for those who just want to quickly spot its brightest stars and member constellations, this difficulty can prevent folks from seeing some of the lesser-known and dimmer star patterns scattered around its informal borders. The solution? Lie down on the ground with a comfortable blanket or mat, or grab a lawn or gravity chair and sit luxuriously while facing up. You’ll quickly spot the major constellations about the Summer Triangle’s three corner stars: Lyra with bright star Vega , Cygnus with brilliant star Deneb , and Aquila with its blazing star, Altair . As you get comfortable and your eyes adjust, you’ll soon find yourself able to spot a few constellations hidden in plain sight in the region around the Summer Triangle: Vulpecula the Fox, Sagitta the Arrow, and Delphinus the Dolphin ! You could call these the Summer Triangle’s “hidden treasures” – and they are hidden in plain sight for those who know where to look!
夜幕降临后，八月的天空将可爱的夏季大三角星群带到了北半球观测者的首要位置。它在天空中的位置很高，可能会让一些人很难舒适地观察它的成员星星，因为站立时直视脖子会很困难！虽然对于那些只想快速发现其最亮恒星和成员星座的人来说这并不是什么大问题，但这种困难可能会阻止人们看到散布在其非正式边界周围的一些鲜为人知且较暗的恒星图案。解决方案是什么？铺上舒适的毯子或垫子躺在地上，或者抓起一把草坪椅或重力椅，面朝上舒适地坐着。您将很快发现夏季大三角三颗角星的主要星座：天琴座和明亮的织女星、天鹅座和明亮的天津四、天鹰座和明亮的牛郎星。当您感到舒适并且眼睛适应后，您很快就会发现自己能够在夏季大三角周围地区发现一些隐藏在视线中的星座：狐狸狐、箭矢和海豚！您可以将这些称为夏季大三角的“隐藏宝藏”——对于那些知道去哪里寻找的人来说，它们就隐藏在显而易见的地方！
Vulpecula the Fox is located near the middle of the Summer Triangle and is relatively small, like its namesake. Despite its size, it features the largest planetary nebula in our skies: M27 , aka the Dumbbell Nebula ! It’s visible in binoculars as a fuzzy “star,” and when seen through telescopes, its distinctive shape can be observed more readily – especially with larger telescopes. Planetary nebulae, so named because their round, fuzzy appearances were initially thought by early telescopic observers to resemble the discs of planets, form when stars similar to our Sun begin to die. The star will expand into a massive red giant, and its gases drift off into space, forming a nebula. Eventually, the star collapses into a white dwarf – as seen with M27 – and the colorful shell of gases will dissipate throughout the galaxy, leaving behind a solitary, tiny, dense white dwarf star. You are getting a peek into our Sun’s far-distant future when you observe this object!
狐狸狐（Vulpecula the Fox）位于夏季大三角中部附近，与它的名字一样，它的体型相对较小。尽管它的体积很大，但它拥有我们天空中最大的行星状星云：M27，又名哑铃星云！在双筒望远镜中可以看到它是一颗模糊的“星星”，而通过望远镜观察时，可以更容易地观察到它独特的形状——尤其是使用更大的望远镜。行星状星云之所以如此命名，是因为早期的望远镜观察者最初认为它们的圆形、模糊的外观类似于行星的圆盘，当类似于太阳的恒星开始死亡时，行星状星云就形成了。这颗恒星将膨胀成一颗巨大的红巨星，其气体飘散到太空中，形成星云。最终，这颗恒星坍缩成一颗白矮星（如 M27 所示），多彩的气体外壳将消散在整个星系中，留下一颗孤独、微小、致密的白矮星。当您观察这个物体时，您就可以一睹太阳遥远的未来！
Sagitta the Arrow is even smaller than Vulpecula – it’s the third smallest constellation in the sky! Located between the stars of Vulpecula and Aquila the Eagle, Sagitta’s stars resemble its namesake arrow. It too contains an interesting deep-sky object: M71 , an unusually small and young globular cluster whose lack of a strong central core has long confused and intrigued astronomers. Your own views very likely won’t be as sharp or close as this. However, this photo shows the cluster’s lack of a bright, concentrated core, which led astronomers until fairly recently to classify this unusual cluster as an “open cluster” rather than a “globular cluster.” Studies in the 1970s proved it to be a globular cluster after all – though an unusually young and small one! It’s visible in binoculars, and a larger telescope will enable you to separate its stars a bit more easily than most globulars; you’ll certainly see why it was thought to be an open cluster!
箭矢甚至比狐狸座还要小——它是天空中第三小的星座！射手座的星星位于狐狸和天鹰座之间，其星星与其同名的箭头相似。它也包含一个有趣的深空天体：M71，一个异常小且年轻的球状星团，它缺乏强大的中央核心，长期以来一直让天文学家感到困惑和好奇。你自己的观点很可能不会像这样尖锐或接近。然而，这张照片显示该星团缺乏明亮、集中的核心，这导致天文学家直到最近才将这个不寻常的星团归类为“疏散星团”而不是“球状星团”。 20 世纪 70 年代的研究证明它毕竟是一个球状星团——尽管它是一个异常年轻和小的星团！它在双筒望远镜中可见，更大的望远镜可以让你比大多数球状星体更容易地分离它的恒星；你一定会明白为什么它被认为是一个疏散星团！
Delicate Delphinus the Dolphin appears to dive in and out of the Milky Way near Aquila and Sagitta! Many stargazers identify Delphinus as a herald of the fainter water constellations, rising in the east after sunset as fall approaches. The starry dolphin appears to leap out of the great celestial ocean, announcing the arrival of more wonderful sights later in the evening. With a large telescope and dark skies, you can pick out globular clusters Caldwell 42 and Caldwell 47 . Want to hunt for more treasures? You’ll need a treasure map, and the Night Sky Network’s “ Trip Around the Triangle ” handout is the perfect guide for your quest!
精致的海豚海豚似乎在天鹰座和射手座附近的银河系中潜入潜出！许多观星者认为海豚座是较暗的水星星座的预兆，随着秋天的临近，海豚座在日落后从东方升起。星空海豚仿佛从浩瀚的天海中一跃而出，宣告着傍晚时分更多精彩景象的到来。使用大型望远镜和黑暗的天空，您可以看到球状星团 Caldwell 42 和 Caldwell 47 。想要寻找更多宝藏吗？您需要一张藏宝图，夜空网络的“三角之旅”讲义是您探寻的完美指南！
Originally posted by Dave Prosper: August 2022
最初由 Dave Prosper 发布：2022 年 8 月
Last Updated by Kat Troche: July 2026
Kat Troche 最后更新时间：2026 年 7 月