Shivelyuch (also called Shiveluch), the most northerly active volcano on the Kamchatka Peninsula , is one of the most active volcanoes in the world. On a near-daily basis, satellites detect new signs of activity within its horseshoe-shaped caldera, including thermal anomalies , hot avalanches and debris flows, and ash deposits that darken the surrounding landscape.
什维卢奇（Shiveluch）是堪察加半岛最北端的活火山，也是世界上最活跃的火山之一。卫星几乎每天都会检测到马蹄形破火山口内的新活动迹象，包括热异常、热雪崩和泥石流，以及使周围景观变暗的火山灰沉积。
The Landsat 9 satellite captured this image of the towering volcano — one of the largest and tallest on the peninsula—on April 23, 2026, a day when fresh activity left its mark on the snowy, late-spring landscape. A multi-lobed plug of viscous lava called a lava dome —appearing as a dark patch in the caldera — has been actively growing in recent months, according to reports from the Kamchatka Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT). Dome-building lava is typically extruded slowly and piles up into lobed, sloped, or spine-like shapes akin to those that form when toothpaste is squeezed from a tube.
Landsat 9 卫星于 2026 年 4 月 23 日拍摄到了这座高耸火山的图像，这是半岛上最大、最高的火山之一，这一天，新的活动在白雪皑皑的晚春景观上留下了印记。根据堪察加火山喷发响应小组 (KVERT) 的报告，近几个月来，一种被称为熔岩穹丘的多瓣粘性熔岩塞在火山口中呈现为黑色斑块，一直在活跃生长。建造圆顶的熔岩通常被缓慢挤出，并堆积成叶状、倾斜状或脊柱状形状，类似于从管中挤出牙膏时形成的形状。
On Shivelyuch, lava domes cycle through periods of growth and collapse, frequently launching avalanches of hot ash and rock called pyroclastic flows when they collapse. Debris slides through structures that Alina Shevchenko, a volcanologist with the GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, called “avalanche chutes” and “lahar channels” radiating outward from the caldera. Collapses can trigger events geologists call “ block-and-ash flows,” which typically contain coarse, blocky chunks of cooled volcanic rock along with powdery volcanic ash.
在希夫利奇，熔岩穹丘经历了生长和塌陷的周期，塌陷时经常引发热火山灰和岩石的雪崩，称为火山碎屑流。碎片滑过 GFZ 亥姆霍兹地球科学中心的火山学家阿丽娜·舍甫琴科 (Alina Shevchenko) 所说的从火山口向外辐射的“雪崩斜槽”和“火山泥流通道”结构。塌陷可能引发地质学家称之为“块状火山灰流”的事件，其中通常含有冷却火山岩的粗块状块以及粉状火山灰。
Such flows often produce thick, insulating deposits that retain heat for long periods, sometimes even months or years, melting snow in the winter months. As seen in the Landsat images above, this activity leaves dark channels and exposed patches that contrast with the surrounding snow cover.
这种水流通常会产生厚厚的绝缘沉积物，可以长时间保留热量，有时甚至数月或数年，并在冬季融化积雪。正如上面的陆地卫星图像所示，这种活动留下了黑暗的通道和暴露的斑块，与周围的积雪形成鲜明对比。
Satellites have regularly detected thermal anomalies within the caldera and near the growing lava dome in recent months , as well as warm land surface temperatures along the network of channels . On the day the image was acquired, KVERT reported that the “explosive-extrusive eruption” of the volcano continued, accompanied by “powerful gas-steam activity.”
近几个月来，卫星经常检测到火山口内和不断增长的熔岩穹顶附近的热异常现象，以及通道网络沿线温暖的地表温度。在获取图像的当天，KVERT 报告称，火山的“爆炸性喷发”仍在继续，并伴随着“强大的气体蒸汽活动”。
An unusually large eruption and dome collapse in April 2023 sent massive pyroclastic flows barreling tens of kilometers down the mountain, destroying forest and leaving large deposits and flow channels near the foot of the mountain that are still visible today. “It’s quite possible that those deposits still retain some heat from that event,” said Janine Krippner, a volcanologist based in New Zealand. Krippner noted that when she did field research on Shivelyuch block-and-ash flows in 2015, she could still feel the heat within deposits that were five years old.
2023 年 4 月发生的一次异常大规模的火山喷发和穹顶塌陷，导致大量火山碎屑流冲下山下数十公里，毁坏了森林，并在山脚附近留下了至今仍可见的大量沉积物和流动通道。新西兰火山学家珍妮·克里普纳 (Janine Krippner) 表示：“这些沉积物很可能仍保留了那次事件产生的一些热量。”克里普纳指出，当她在 2015 年对 Shivyuch 块体和灰流进行实地研究时，她仍然可以感受到五年前沉积物中的热量。
“Shivelyuch is an incredible volcano that has collapsed over and over again, on several scales, ranging from enormous flank collapses to more modest dome-collapse events,” Krippner said. “It goes through cycles of collapse but then builds itself up again and again through constant volcanic activity,” she added. “It should really be on a motivational poster.”
克里普纳说：“希夫利奇火山是一座令人难以置信的火山，它一次又一次地崩塌，规模有多种，从巨大的侧翼崩塌到更温和的圆顶崩塌事件。”她补充说：“它经历了崩塌的周期，但随后通过持续的火山活动一次又一次地自我堆积。” “它确实应该出现在励志海报上。”
NASA Earth Observatory image by Lauren Dauphin, using Landsat data from the U.S. Geological Survey . Story by Adam Voiland.
NASA 地球观测站图像，由 Lauren Dauphin 拍摄，使用美国地质调查局的陆地卫星数据。亚当·沃伊兰的故事。